The Science of Concrete: How it’s Made and Its Applications in Residential Construction

The first step in making concrete is to measure out the correct amounts of cement, water, and aggregate. The most common ratio for making concrete is 1:2:3 (one part cement, two parts sand, and three parts gravel). However, this ratio can be adjusted depending on the specific application and the desired strength of the final product. A common mix for residential footings would require a 3000-3500 psi mix. Standard concrete driveways typically use a 3000 psi mix also, but sometimes use 3,500-4,000 psi for driveways that heavy vehicles park on such as with RVs, construction equipment, etc.

In certain projects, the use of polymers and fibers can be crucial to the success of the project, specially when high-performance concrete is required. For example, in a project where the concrete will be subject to heavy loads or frequent freeze-thaw cycles, the use of fibers can greatly improve its resistance to cracking and impact, thus extending its service life. Similarly, in a project where the concrete will be placed in a thin section, such as a slab, the use of polymers can greatly reduce the risk of cracking and shrinkage, ensuring that the final product will be strong and stable.